In the present work, the AZ61 alloy, one of the most important commercial structural magnesium alloys, was anodized in three different alkaline electrolytes consisting of 3 M KOH + 0.15 M Na2SiO3 + 0.1 M Na2B4O7.10H2O, 3 M KOH + 0.5 M Na3PO4 and 3 M KOH + 0.50 M Na2SiO3. The treatment was conducted at two different current densities, 20 and 30 mA.cm-2 for 10 minutes. The anodized layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was assessed by potentiodynamic polarization tests. The SCC behavior was studied using slow strain rate tests in 0.1 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Conventional tensile tests were also conducted in air. The susceptibility to SCC was dependent on the morphology of the anodized film. The composition of the electrolyte and the current density of the anodization treatment affected the SCC susceptibility of the AZ61 alloy. The best corrosion resistance and the lowest susceptibility to SCC were obtained for samples anodized in the borate-containing electrolyte at 30 mA.cm-2. The smooth and compact surface morphology of the anodized film obtained in this condition was the main reason for the improved SCC behavior of the AZ61 alloy.

The corrosion resistance of high entropy alloys was reviewed in the present work. The main focus was to explore the correlation between alloy composition, passive film stability and corrosion properties and use this information to develop a materials selection procedure based on the Ashby approach. Corrosion current densities and pitting potentials were the main design parameters used to rank different alloys, based on a careful examination of data published in the literature, considering uniform and localized corrosion, respectively. The outputs of the selection process clearly indicated a strong dependence of the corrosion resistance on passive film stability, although microstructural homogeneity and uniform distribution of alloying elements should not be disregarded. Proper combinations of elements such as Co, Al, Ti, Mo and Cr, especially, are effective at enhancing the corrosion resistance of high entropy alloys.

RESUMO São analisadas, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, as experiências de catorze estudantes nas ocupações secundaristas em Minas Gerais, em 2016, enfatizando como a dimensão educacional desse movimento afetou as suas trajetórias políticas. A ocupação pode ser considerada um processo de subjetivação política, conforme Jacques Rancière, em que a ativa participação política em uma ação coletiva de grande impacto formativo acionou processos de desidentificação em relação a tradicionais papéis sociais, em especial os de adolescente, estudante e mulher. Apesar de ser constatado que houve poucos engajamentos efetivos em organizações políticas, verifica-se a prontidão para a participação política e a conversão das experiências da ocupação em práticas definidas como progressistas no cotidiano.

ABSTRACT The experiences of fourteen students in the student occupations in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais in 2016 are analyzed, through semi-structured interviews, addressing how much the educational dimension of this movement has affected their political trajectories. The occupation can be considered a process of political subjectification, in the sense given by Rancière, in which the active political participation in a collective action of great formative impact triggered processes of deidentification in relation to traditional social roles. Despite the fact that there were few effective engagements in political organizations, there is a readiness for political participation and the conversion of the experiences of the occupation into practices defined as progressive in everyday life.

RESUMEN Se analizan, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, las experiencias de catorze estudiantes en las ocupaciones del estado brasileño de Minas Gerais en 2016, abordando cómo la dimensión educativa de este movimiento ha afectado sus trayectorias políticas. La ocupación puede ser considerada un proceso de subjetivación política, en el sentido dado por Rancière, en el que la participación política activa en una acción colectiva de gran impacto formativo desencadenó procesos de desidentificación en relación con los roles sociales tradicionales. Apesar de que hubo pocos compromisos efectivos en las organizaciones políticas, existe una disposición para la participación política y la conversión de las experiencias de la ocupación en prácticas definidas como progresistas en el cotidiano.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve por objetivos: (i) determinar e mapear os teores dos micronutrientes (cobre - Cu, ferro - Fe, manganês - Mn e zinco - Zn) em solos do Estado do Ceará; (ii) avaliar atributos do solo relacionados à disponibilidade dos micronutrientes; (iii) avaliar, por krigagem ordinária, a dependência espacial dos teores dos micronutrientes. A área estudada está localizada na região central do Ceará, na bacia do Rio Banabuiú. Amostras de solo foram coletadas, nas camadas superficiais e subsuperficiais, para determinação dos atributos químicos, granulometria, e dos teores de micronutrientes, extraídos com solução de Mehlich-1. Os pontos dos principais tipos de solos da região foram espacializados. Os resultados foram submetidos a análises descritivas e análises de correlação de Pearson. Foram testados os semivariogramas que tiveram os melhores ajustes, utilizando o método de krigagem ordinária, e elaborados os mapas de variabilidade espacial. Os maiores teores de média, máximo e mínimo para Cu e Fe se encontram nas camadas subsuperficiais, e para Mn e Zn nas camadas superficiais. Nas camadas superficiais, a maioria dos solos apresentam Fe, Mn e Zn em teores adequados à produção agrícola, e Cu apresenta teores nas classes médio a baixo. Os micronutrientes apresentaram correlações significativas positivas, principalmente, com os atributos dos solos e entre si. Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn apresentam dependência espacial classificada como média a forte, nas camadas superficiais e subsuperficiais.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to: (i) determine and map the micronutrient content (copper - Cu, iron - Fe, manganese - Mn and zinc - Zn) in soils of the State of Ceará; (ii) evaluate soil attributes related to micronutrient availability; and (iii) evaluate, by ordinary kriging, the spatial dependence of the micronutrient content. The study area is located in the central region of Ceará, in the basin of the River Banabuiú. Soil samples were collected in the surface and subsurface layers to determine the chemical attributes, granulometry, and micronutrient content, extracted with Mehlich-1 solution. The sites of the principal types of soil in the region were spatialised and the results submitted to descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. The semivariograms with the best fit were tested using the ordinary kriging method, and the maps of spatial variability were prepared. The highest values for the mean, maximum and minimum levels of Cu and Fe are found in the subsurface layers, while for Mn and Zn, they are found in the surface layers. In the surface layers, the majority of soils present Fe, Mn and Zn in levels suitable for agricultural production, while the levels of Cu are classified as medium to low. The micronutrients showed a significant positive correlation, especially with the soil attributes and with each other. Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn are classified as having medium to strong spatial dependence in the surface and subsurface layers.

The aim of the present work was to explore the correlation between the physical metallurgy of titanium alloys and its main attributes to select optimized materials for structural aircraft applications in the landing gear beam. The Ashby's method was employed as the materials selection strategy to consolidate and evaluate the data collected from the current literature in a comprehensive and consistent analysis. Landing gear beam materials are mainly β and near-β alloys. Considering the need for high specific strength and fatigue resistance, the best candidate among them was Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe alloy. Finally, a brief discussion of additional aspects related to alloy design, microstructural features and their influence on the mechanical properties is presented.

Ternary Ni-W-P films were produced by electroless deposition using baths with different tungsten concentrations. After deposition, the coated surfaces were annealed at 400°C for 1h. Surface morphology and film composition in the as-plated condition were assessed by SEM and EDS analyses, respectively. The crystalline phases after annealing were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nanoindentation tests were performed to assess the mechanical properties of the deposited films. Surface roughness was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Friction coefficient was evaluated by reciprocating were tests in a nanotribometer. The corrosion behavior was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curves. The results showed that the surface morphology, crystallization behavior and corrosion resistance were affected by the tungsten content in the film. The best corrosion performance was obtained for the ternary films after annealing. Hardness, surface roughness and friction coefficient were dependent of the tungsten concentration in the film.

RESUMO: A Educação do Campo, hoje, é mais do que uma demanda dos movimentos sociais: ela se transformou num espaço em disputa. Essa disputa se dá, principalmente, pelo poder/controle do modelo formativo que essa educação irá ofertar. Entre essas ações estão o ProJovem Campo e seus respectivos espaços de formação, com destaque para o material didático. Como um dos instrumentos formativos mais importantes, o material didático sempre esteve em disputa, especialmente pelo controle do que será levado a cabo por meio dele, instrumento tão valioso para a formação dos sujeitos no campo. Compreendendo que Estado, capital internacional, movimentos sociais e pesquisadores da Educação do Campo disputaram conceitualmente - e, nesse sentido, ideologicamente - o sujeito que seria atendido por esse programa, acreditamos que não tenha sido um processo simples e, diante disso, temos como objetivo, neste artigo, evidenciar os discursos privilegiados nesses livros didáticos, os quais, por sua vez, acabam por negar outros.

ABSTRACT: Countryside Education nowadays is more than a demand of social movements: it turned into a space in dispute, part of the Brazilian Agrarian Question. This dispute is mainly for power/control of training model that this education will offer in various areas/rural territories it will cover after it became a National Public Policy. Among these actions are the ProJovem Countryside Program and their respective training spaces, highlighting the use of didactic material. As one of the most important formative instruments, the didactic material has always been disputed, especially by the control that will be carried out through it, so valuable instrument for the formation of guys in the countryside. Understanding that State, international capital, social movements and countryside education researchers has disputed conceptually - and, in this sense, ideologically - the guy who would be served by this program, we believe that it has not been a simple process, so that we, in this article, highlight the privileged speeches contained in these textbooks, which, for your time, they deny others.

O lodo de curtume compostado contém elevadas concentrações de elementos inorgânicos, como o crômio (Cr), que podem levar à poluição ambiental e influenciar na saúde humana. O comportamento envolvendo o Cr nas frações da matéria orgânica e no crescimento do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L.) foi estudado em solo arenoso, após quatro anos de aplicações anuais consecutivas de lodo de curtume compostado (LCC). Durante quatro anos, o LCC foi aplicado em parcelas permanentes (2 × 5 m) e incorporado no solo (0-20 cm), nas doses de 0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 Mg ha-1 (base seca). Esses tratamentos foram repetidos quatro vezes em blocos ao acaso. No quarto ano, o feijão-caupi foi semeado e cresceu por 50 dias, quando se analisaram as concentrações de Cr no solo, nas frações ácidos fúlvicos, ácidos húmicos e humina, nas folhas, nas vagens e nos grãos do feijão-caupi. O LCC promoveu aumento na concentração de Cr no solo. Entre as substâncias húmicas, a maior concentração de Cr foi encontrada na humina. As doses de LCC elevaram o teor de Cr nas folhas e grãos.

Tannery sludge contains high concentrations of inorganic elements, such as chromium (Cr), which may lead to environmental pollution and affect human health The behavior of Cr in organic matter fractions and in the growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) was studied in a sandy soil after four consecutive annual applications of composted tannery sludge (CTS). Over a four-year period, CTS was applied on permanent plots (2 × 5 m) and incorporated in the soil (0-20 cm) at the rates of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 Mg ha-1 (dry weight basis). These treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. In the fourth year, cowpea was planted and grown for 50 days, at which time we analyzed the Cr concentrations in the soil, in the fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin fractions, and in the leaves, pods, and grains of cowpea. Composted tannery sludge led to an increase in Cr concentration in the soil. Among the humic substances, the highest Cr concentration was found in humin. The application rates of CTS significantly increased Cr concentration in leaves and grains.

Os desastres naturais ainda são pouco pesquisados e compreendidos no âmbito da Saúde Coletiva no país, com impactos do curto ao longo prazos. O objetivo deste artigo é, a partir de dados sobre desastres registrados no país, analisar a inter-relação entre esses eventos e seus impactos sobre a saúde. A metodologia envolveu a sistematização de dados e informações contidos no Atlas Brasileiro dos Desastres Naturais 1991-2010 e diretamente na Secretária Nacional de Defesa Civil (SNDC). Os desastres foram organizados em quatro categorias de eventos (meteorológicos; hidrológicos; climatológicos; geofísicos/geológicos) e, para cada uma das mesmas, foram explorados os dados de afetados, morbidade, mortalidade e expostos, demonstrando diferentes tipos de impactos. Três categorias de desastres se destacaram: os eventos hidrológicos apresentaram maiores percentuais de mortalidade, morbidade e expostos; os climatológicos maiores percentuais de ocorrências e afetados; os geofísicos/geológicos maior média de expostos e óbitos por evento. Ao final propõe-se uma participação mais ativa do setor saúde na agenda política global pós-2015, particularmente as relacionadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável, mudanças climáticas e redução de riscos de desastres.

Natural disasters are still insufficiently studied and understood within the scope of public health in this country, with impacts in the short and long term. The scope of this article is to analyze the relationship between disasters and their impact on health based on disaster data recorded in the country. The methodology involved the systematization of data and information contained in the Brazilian Atlas of Natural Disasters 1991-2010 and directly from the National Department of Civil Defense (NSCD). Disasters were organized into four categories of events (meteorological; hydrological; climatological; geophysical/geological) and for each of the latter, the data for morbidity, mortality and exposure of those affected were examined, revealing different types of impacts. Three categories of disasters stood out: the hydrological events showed higher percentages of mortality, morbidity and exposure; climatological events had higher percentages of incidents and people affected; the geophysical/geological events had a higher average of exposure and deaths per event. Lastly, a more active participation of the health sector in the post-2015 global political agenda is proposed, particularly events related to sustainable development, climate change and disaster risk reduction.

Os desastres naturais ainda são pouco pesquisados e compreendidos no âmbito da Saúde Coletiva no país, com impactos do curto ao longo prazos. O objetivo deste artigo é, a partir de dados sobre desastres registrados no país, analisar a inter-relação entre esses eventos e seus impactos sobre a saúde. A metodologia envolveu a sistematização de dados e informações contidos no Atlas Brasileiro dos Desastres Naturais 1991-2010 e diretamente na Secretária Nacional de Defesa Civil (SNDC). Os desastres foram organizados em quatro categorias de eventos (meteorológicos; hidrológicos; climatológicos; geofísicos/geológicos) e, para cada uma das mesmas, foram explorados os dados de afetados, morbidade, mortalidade e expostos, demonstrando diferentes tipos de impactos. Três categorias de desastres se destacaram: os eventos hidrológicos apresentaram maiores percentuais de mortalidade, morbidade e expostos; os climatológicos maiores percentuais de ocorrências e afetados; os geofísicos/geológicos maior média de expostos e óbitos por evento. Ao final propõe-se uma participação mais ativa do setor saúde na agenda política global pós-2015, particularmente as relacionadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável, mudanças climáticas e redução de riscos de desastres.

Natural disasters are still insufficiently studied and understood within the scope of public health in this country, with impacts in the short and long term. The scope of this article is to analyze the relationship between disasters and their impact on health based on disaster data recorded in the country. The methodology involved the systematization of data and information contained in the Brazilian Atlas of Natural Disasters 1991-2010 and directly from the National Department of Civil Defense (NSCD). Disasters were organized into four categories of events (meteorological; hydrological; climatological; geophysical/geological) and for each of the latter, the data for morbidity, mortality and exposure of those affected were examined, revealing different types of impacts. Three categories of disasters stood out: the hydrological events showed higher percentages of mortality, morbidity and exposure; climatological events had higher percentages of incidents and people affected; the geophysical/geological events had a higher average of exposure and deaths per event. Lastly, a more active participation of the health sector in the post-2015 global political agenda is proposed, particularly events related to sustainable development, climate change and disaster risk reduction.

The aim of this paper is to describe an efficient clinical protocol used in admittance dental examinations, highlighting the importance of this evaluation in the diagnosis of oral pathologies. Two admission case reports in which gingival abscess and radiopaque apical lesion were found during the examination are presented for illustration purposes. A clinical examination in the admission inspection is the main factor for a good selection of treatment and prevention of future difficulties. The admission dental examination by means of a standardized clinical approach including clinical interview, physical examination and complementary exams, avoids the person to be admitted to the public service while having some pathology that might compromises his/her capacity of handling the selected function, preventing absenteeism for dental reasons and consequently a cost to the state and functional repercussion to the server.

O envelhecimento populacional é uma realidade que chega imbuída de complicações as quais muitas vezes tornam-se problema de saúde pública, como é o caso das quedas hospitalares. Estas acarretam uma série de conseqüências negativas ao paciente e sua família, bem como ao sistema de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e quantificar, por meio de entrevistas com os profissionais responsáveis pelos cuidados dos pacientes da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, a ocorrência de quedas durante a hospitalização. Foram entrevistados 37 profissionais (médicos, residentes, enfermeiros e prestadores de serviços) através de questionário semi-estruturado com 11 questões referentes ao histórico de quedas no setor, englobando informações sobre número de episódios, local, horário, idade do paciente, atividade que realizava no momento, conseqüências, bem como questões referentes à adaptação ambiental. A análise dos dados feita por meio de estatísticas descritivas. Os resultados mostraram que 65% dos funcionários relataram a ocorrência de quedas. A maioria dos caidores (73%) eram homens, com média de idade de 78,62 anos (DP +- 7,63) e caíram mais nos períodos da manhã (31%) e noite (31%), principalmente no quarto (48%) e no banheiro (42%) sendo que 50% dos episódios não foram injuriosos. Conclui-se que os episódios de quedas ocorrem no ambiente hospitalar, mas não são reportados de maneira adequada, tornando necessário adoção de medidas educativas aos profissionais que lidam com esta população.

The Population ageing is a reality that comes gripped by complications related to aging, being in-hospital falls one of the most important, considering that they bring on a lot of negative consequences to the patient and his family as well as to the health system. The objective of this study was to assess and quantify, through the analyses of interviews with professionals responsible for the care of the patients at Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte, the occurrence of in-hospital falls. The interview was accomplished with 37 professionals(doctors, interns and nurses) through a semi-structured questionnaire which comprehended 11 questions related to the historical of falls in the sector, comprising information on the number of episodes, setting, time, patient age, activity performed at the moment, consequences, as well as questions regarding to environment adaptation. Data analysis conducted by means of descriptive statistics of the interviews showed that 65% of the employee reported the occurrence of falls. The majority (73%) of fallers was men, with mean age of 78, 62 years (SD +- 7, 63) and fell more in the morning (31%) and in the evening (31%), mainly in the room (48%) and in the bathroom (42%), being 50% of the episodes non-injurious. We conclude that falls episodes occur in the hospital setting, but are not reported adequately, showing the need of adoption of educational measures to the professional who deal with this population.

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o comportamento de corrosão de ímãs Nd-Fe-B produzidos por metalurgia do pó e avaliar a proteção conferida por dois diferentes tratamentos de superfície: uma camada de conversão de fosfato e um silano não-funcional. Os ensaios eletroquímicos foram realizados em solução tampão de fosfato (PBS) com pH neutro, em que a concentração iônica coincide com a do corpo humano. A corrosão foi monitorada por meio de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS), curvas de polarização anódica, e as análises de MEV-EDS foram utilizadas para observar a superfície e controlar a deposição do revestimento. A resposta de EIS evidenciou um comportamento de eletrodo poroso para os ímãs Nd-Fe-B de acordo com a teoria de Levie. Os resultados também indicaram um bom desempenho da camada de fosfato, enquanto o silano não funcional não melhorou a resistência à corrosão dos ímãs. O bom desempenho anti-corrosão da camada de fosfato foi explicada com base na formação de uma camada de fosfato insolúvel tanto na superfície do eletrodo quanto nas paredes dos poros. A precipitação de fosfato de Nd insolúvel sobre a fase rica em Nd também contribui para a proteção contra a corrosão oferecida por este revestimento.

The aim of this work is to investigate the corrosion behavior of powder metallurgy produced Nd-Fe-B magnets and to evaluate the corrosion protection afforded by two different surface treatments: a phosphate conversion and a non-functional silane (BTSE) layer. The electrochemical tests were performed in a phosphate buffered solution (PBS) at neutral pH, which ionic concentration coincides with that of the human body. The corrosion behavior was monitored by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and anodic potentiodynamic polarization curves, and SEM-EDS analyses were used to monitor coating deposition. EIS response has evidenced a porous electrode behavior for the Nd-Fe-B magnets according to the de Levie theory. The results also indicated a good performance of the phosphate layer, whereas the BTSE layer did not improve the corrosion resistance of the magnets. The good anticorrosion performance of the phosphate layer was explained on the basis of the formation of an insoluble phosphate layer both on the electrode surface (identified by interference colors) and on the pore walls. Precipitation of insoluble Nd phosphate on the Nd-rich phase also contributes to the superior corrosion protection afforded by this coating.

Resíduos plásticos gerados pelas atividades offshore da indústria de exploração e produção de óleo e gás, após caracterização por ensaio de identificação das classes poliméricas e análise térmica, foram pirolisados em atmosfera inerte a 450 °C. Os óleos pirolíticos foram caracterizados por espectrofotometria de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM), indicando a composição de parafinas, olefinas e aromáticos.

Solid wastes from oil and gas offshore exploration and production activities, after characterization of polymeric classes and thermal identification analysis tests, were pyrolysed under an inert atmosphere at 450 °C. The pyrolysis oil was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (CG/EM), indicating high generation of paraffin, olefines and aromatics.

Total Hg content in soils of Baixada Santista, affected by different sources of pollution, and Cardoso Island, which is almost free of anthropogenic activities, were determined by CVAAS. To explain the fate of Hg in the ecosystem, pH, Eh, AVS, Stotal and Total Organic Carbon were also obtained throughout the soil profiles. With the exception of two sampling sites the average content of Hg in samples obtained for Baixada Santista was 0.34 ± 0.20 mg kg-1, which was close to the average data at Cardoso Island (0.30 ± 0.21 mg kg-1). Both of them were below the limit established by CETESB - 0.50 mg kg-1.